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Long before the United States drafted its Constitution, written laws already governed this land. When people talk about “the first constitutions in North America,” the story is often framed around colonial documents. But that narrative overlooks something far older - and far more profound. Indigenous nations had formal systems of law and governance centuries before European arrival. These were not casual agreements. They were carefully structured frameworks that defined leadership, justice, rights, and responsibilities. One of the most significant is the Great Law of Peace of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy. Passed down through oral tradition and later recorded in written form, it outlined how nations would unite, how leaders would be chosen, how conflicts would be resolved, and how peace would be maintained. Its principles included checks on power, collective decision-making, and protection for future generations. In the 1600s, as Europeans settled in North America, they encountered these established systems. Some early colonial charters reflected ideas already practiced on Indigenous land. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) - often called one of the first written constitutions by colonists - emphasized consent of the governed and representative leadership, concepts that were already alive in Indigenous governance. Other early governing documents, such as community agreements among settlers, did not appear in a vacuum. They emerged in places where Indigenous nations had long demonstrated how law could exist without kings, enforced through responsibility rather than fear. These early constitutions - Indigenous and colonial - tell a deeper story of North America: one where governance was shaped by dialogue, shared authority, and respect for law. Understanding this history doesn’t erase later documents. It enriches them. It reminds us that the foundations of constitutional thought in North America are older, broader, and more Indigenous than many were taught. #IndigenousHistory #NativeAmericanGovernance #GreatLawOfPeace #HiddenHistory #IndigenousLegacy #NDNZ #Indigenous image
The Epstein Files show that Patriarchal legal systems were set up to offer men impunity for their crimes against women Revealed: Jeffrey Epstein set up £20K meeting between ex-Labour law chief and Yemini billionaire who wanted legal advice after his son 'raped and murdered Norwegian student'
Revealed: Jeffrey Epstein set up £20K meeting between ex-Labour law chief and Yemini billionaire who wanted legal advice after his son 'raped and murdered Norwegian student' | Daily Mail Online
The paedophile financier said he spoke to Lord Ken Macdonald who charged Shaher Abdulhak more than £20,000 to meet in Paris after his son Farouk ...
 "Jeffrey Epstein helped the billionaire father of a fugitive killer get legal advice from Tony Blair's former Director of Public Prosecutions, the Daily Mail can reveal today. The paedophile financier said he spoke to Lord Ken Macdonald who charged Shaher Abdulhak more than £20,000 to meet in Paris after his son Farouk fled the UK having allegedly raped and murdered Norwegian student Martine Vik Magnussen. The barrister, a co-founder of Cherie Blair's Matrix chambers, was DPP and head of the Crown Prosecution Service when Martine was found strangled in a London apartment in March 2008. Four years later, after he left the role and was succeeded by Keir Starmer, he was advising Shaher Abdulhak, a billionaire known as the 'King of Sugar' in Yemen, about his son's case, the Epstein Files show. 'He held the position of head of prosecutions, the exact same position that he would be dealing with', Epstein told Shaher in an email released by the US Department of Justice. Lord Macdonald is a serving member of the House of Lords and a Deputy High Court Judge. He says there was nothing improper about his involvement in the case. He did not deny speaking to Epstein but told the Mail he has 'no recollection' of the call in 2012 and would have been 'completely unaware of his reputation'. 23-year-old Martine Vik Magnussen was raped, strangled and dumped under rubble in the basement of a Great Portland Street flat after a night out in Mayfair to celebrate coming top of her class in her exams. Her suspected killer Farouk Abdulhak fled the UK on a flight to Cairo and then jumped on his father's private yet to Yemen, which has no extradition treaty with the UK. He has ignored years of campaigning from Martine's bereft family for him to return to Britain to face trial. The murder suspect insists her death was a 'sex accident' and taunted Martine's family recently by saying he won't return to Britain because he 'doesn't like the weather'. Farouk Abdulhak with Martine Vik Magnussen on the night she died in 2008 as she celebrated her exam results. She was found raped and strangled and he fled the UK for Yemen Farouk Abdulhak with Martine Vik Magnussen on the night she died in 2008 as she celebrated her exam results. She was found raped and strangled and he fled the UK for Yemen Abdulhak is the son of one of Yemen's wealthiest men, Shaher Adbulhak, pictured, known as the 'King of Sugar'. Emails released by the DoJ this week appear to show he was in contact with Jeffrey Epstein about his son's case Abdulhak is the son of one of Yemen's wealthiest men, Shaher Adbulhak, pictured, known as the 'King of Sugar'. Emails released by the DoJ this week appear to show he was in contact with Jeffrey Epstein about his son's case Jeffrey Epstein wrote in 2012 that he had spoken to Lord Ken Macdonald, who served as Director of Public Prosecution between 2003 and 2008 Epstein wrote: 'He [Lord Macdonald, pictured] held the position of head of prosecutions, the exact same position that he would be dealing with' RICHARD EDEN: Epstein email that sealed Beatrice and Eugenie's fate The sex offender claimed he had spoken to Lord Macdonald about Farouk's case, emails in the so-called Epstein Files show, and Epstein indicated he had a chance of avoiding prison. Describing his purported conversation with the leading barrister to Shaher, Epstein wrote: 'I talked to him. He said rough sex cases, not unusual, autopsy would be a factor but not a big one. Drugs are not a defence, he thought he would get bail... reduced charge'. He went on to suggest that Lord Macdonald's job in the Blair government as DPP from 2003 in 2008 could help. He added: 'Norway has been putting pressure on the govt. I think you should focus on what punishment would be acceptable. Time spent? Maybe a form of house arrest? Work, charity. The high profile nature is the problem. The press will highlight any issues'. Shaher responded that Macdonald's CV 'seems well positioned' to help his family with a 'tangled web of issues'. He added: 'I think you're right, something like house arrest, plus charity work, due to his age. The cause maybe was rough sex, too much alcohol and maybe drugs'. Epstein's email to Yemen billionaire Shaher Abdulhak, whose son Farouk fled the UK accused of killing Norwegian student Martine Vik Magnussen" Archived: https://archive.ph/8vomh #EpsteinFiles #RapeCulure #Rape #SexualAssault #RadicalFeminism #RadFem #Misogyny #WomanHate #MaleSexualPolitics #MaleSexualDepravity image