*Bitcoinβs first layer resolved the problem of trust. Lightningβs second layer must now resolve the problem of convenience. If self-custody and peer operation remain labor-intensive, users will gravitate toward intermediated solutions, regardless of ideological cost. Thus, the survival of financial sovereignty depends not on theoretical purity but on practical usability.
This dynamic redefines the locus of contestation. The battle is no longer between decentralization and centralization in abstract terms, but between custodial ease and sovereign simplicity. The institutions adopting Lightning are not violating its open protocol; they are exploiting its optional complexity. Their success depends on the inertia of users who prefer managed experiences over self-determination.*
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