... but ideally this all gets abstracted away by a library/SDK
the bsky appview self-hosting story isn't great, but folks have gotten it working in the past, and there are differing schools of thought on what would be best for independent hosting: big collective servers? small pared-down UX? generic app frameworks?
folks building new apps using new schemas build their own software, often building on our published s/w libraries. A few people have forked the client app git repo to change branding or add small features.