I guess there are no days off. The latest in ECB CBDC marketing is a Christmas post from president Christine Lagarde. To be honest, I would have preferred coal, but here we are... so let me put down the eggnog and break down what's happening here. image As she noted, the EU Governing Council has given the green light for the digital euro (the ECB's CBDC). In short, the Council said that the digital euro should work both online and offline, have holding limits, allow a "high degree of privacy" while still being AML/KYC compliant, and be free for consumers to use. This green light from the council does not mean, however, that the digital euro will be launched. Now it's up to the European Parliament to weigh in. Sadly, though, this process might appear democratic from the outside, but it's really just a formality. It's unlikely that Parliament will alter the course. As @Efrat Fenigson noted on X, the ECB is just waiting for the Parliament's rubber stamp to move forward. image As CBDC marketing ramps up, it's important to be vigiliant (even on holidays). As I've noted repeatedly, the ECB's marketing campaign borders on false advertising when it comes to claims about competition and freedom. https://www.cato.org/blog/digital-euro-isnt-about-freedom 2026 is going to be an eventful year on the CBDC front. And as always, you can find out everything you need to know in the @HRF CBDC Tracker.
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Ironically, "CBDCs do not serve a purpose" is what I've been saying for years. image
Maybe I'm old-fashioned, but saying "anyone who opposes the digital euro" is effectively an enemy of the state does not exactly inspire confidence that the CBDC won't be abused. image
Some good news on the CBDC front! Norway has joined the growing list of countries saying no to CBDC.
After reading more than 300 pages of congressional transcripts from 1968-1970, I finally found the first instance in which someone said the Bank Secrecy Act would harm financial privacy. Clifford Sommer (American Bankers Association) urged Congress to reconsider what it was doing. Not a single witness before him (albeit, all government officials) seemed to be concerned about the Fourth Amendment or people's privacy. image
The New York Times points to the absence of interest payments on stablecoins as a negative. Yet, what it doesn't point out here is that it was _Congress_ that prohibited stablecoins from doing that. image
Congratulations to @npub1rscu...peqk, @ZacG, @ck, @gladstein, and the whole @HRF team on 100 editions of the Financial Freedom Report. If you're not signed up, this is one of the few newsletters I read from top to bottom.
Finally, on the last day of the Africa Bitcoin Conference, I've saved the worst CBDC experience in Africa for last: Nigeria. In the words of the Central Bank of Nigeria, the CBDC experience has not been a "rosy story." The central bank launched the eNaira in 2021, and it's basically been downhill since then. image Initial adoption was stuck at just 0.5 percent. The central bank lowered the requirements for access and introduced discounts in response, but people still preferred cash over the CBDC. With adoption still struggling, Central Bank of Nigeria deputy governor Kingsley Obiora said that all the eNaira needs is a “a little push from the government.” That's when the central bank suddenly announced it was taking cash out of circulation. After lines turned to protests and then riots, the central bank described the eNaira as a "success" after adoption went from 0.5% to 6%. Even the IMF admit the CBDC has largely been a failure. In a 2023 study, the IMF found that 98.5 percent of the wallets issued have never been used. And that's to say nothing of all the complaints on the app stores. The eNaira has largely fallen apart at this point. Speaking in Ghana a few weeks ago, one Central Bank of Nigeria official said that Nigerians were not interested in the CBDC, the central bank was not prepared to be a retail bank, and the market was already providing solutions. I've only just skimmed the surface, so be sure to check out the @HRF CBDC Tracker to learn more about what's happening in Africa, Europe, Asia, and elsewhere.