Socrates, as introduced in the early print canon, first appears not as Plato’s mystical martyr, but as a model of practical wisdom in Xenophon’s Oeconomicus (Latin, c. 1470s). This version focused on household management, civic virtue, and ethical discipline, and it predates the more famous Platonic Socrates, who enters via Ficino’s Latin version in 1484. Scholars typically interpret the name “Socrates” (from Greek sōzō, “to preserve,” and kratos, “power”) as ironic. Despite his name, he failed to save himself from execution or preserve Athens from moral collapse. But this reading presupposes a Platonic-first chronology. If we instead follow the actual order of the printed canon, the name Socrates originally aligned literally with Xenophon’s portrayal: a preserver of power, a wise steward of ethical order. Only after the Platonic dialogues emerged in Latin (1484) does his character pivot into a martyr-philosopher whose death reconfigures the meaning of his name. In the Greco-Roman-Biblical expanded universe, Socrates’ evolution from household sage to tragic visionary marks a slow character elevation across formats and languages. His name, initially straightforward and transparent, adhering to the naming principles in the Cratylus dialogue, acquires layers of irony only as the canon deepens.
Alexander the Great: Prophesied by oracles (and in the Book of Daniel) Born of a god (Zeus-Ammon) Received divine omens Worshipped during his lifetime Conquered the world And believed by Jews themselves to fulfill prophecy. If miracles disqualify history, throw out all ancient sources. If you tolerate miracles as literary color, then Jesus gets the same treatment. Apologists demand faith for Jesus, but dismiss miracles in others. Academics dismiss faith for Jesus, but accept miracle-filled Alexander. If you adopt the perspective that both figures are part of a unified literary universe, then you can either step into that world and realize both are divine figures, or you can step out of it and realize it's all fiction. Otherwise it is like a faithful believer arguing that Hulk isn't a real superhero but Spider-man is, or a "Marvel Historian" arguing that Captain America was real but didn't have super powers and spider-man is a constructed myth. Both are completely trapped inside the literary matrix desperately trying to make sense of it.
The name "Christopher Columbus" constitutes evidence of mythmaking when viewed through the lens of symbolic Christian language. The Latinized surname Columbus, meaning "dove," evokes key biblical and theological associations. The dove appears in Genesis as the bird that returns to Noah’s ark with an olive branch, signaling divine reconciliation with the world. It also functions as a symbol of the Holy Spirit in the New Testament, descending at Jesus’ baptism. The given name Christopher, from the Greek Christophoros, meaning "Christ-bearer," was traditionally associated with the legendary saint who carried Christ across a river. When combined, the full name presents a figure who bears Christ across water and arrives as a dove, suggestive of a divinely guided bringer of peace. The convergence of Christian imagery: Christ, dove, and water aligns closely with the Church’s ideological framing of his mission. The symbolic coherence of the name supports the argument that mythic narrative construction was at play.