Today in Labor History October 23, 1874: Otto Rühle (1874-1943) was born on this day in Freiberg. Ruhle was a left council communist of the Spartacist League. Along with Karl Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg and Franz Mehring, Ruhle helped found the magazine Internationale. Ruhle opposed both world wars, Leninism, fascism, and Bolshevism. Early in his life, Rühle trained and worked a school teacher. He created a socialist Sunday school and criticized traditional school in “Work and Education” (1904), “The Enlightenment of Children About Sexual Matters,” (1907), and “The Proletarian Child” (1911). In 1912, the people elected him to the Reichstag as a Social Democrat. However, he is much more well known for his role as a leader of the Council Communist movement, along with Anton Pannekoek. They opposed the state communism of the Soviet Union. They advocated for Workers Councils and Council Democracy. Lenin attacked them in his pamphlet, “Left-wing Communism: An Infantile Disorder.”
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