Today in Labor History September 3, 1920: Workers took over and occupied nearly all the factories in Spezia, Italy, in opposition to both the bosses and the union leadership. 600,000 workers participated in the occupations. They continued operations, but under their leadership and control, rather than the bosses’. Their goal was to build the movement into a revolutionary General Strike and to create a workers’ socialist republic in which the workers controlled all industry. Union leadership, in collaboration with the government and plant owners, eventually convinced most workers to accept a sell-out deal. And by February, 1921, the owners went on the offensive against the workers, aided by Fascist thugs.
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