"Although it has been recognized that administrative bodies can impose certain types of sanctions, the right to be heard and to exercise a defense is absolute. No one can be subject to a sanction without an opportunity to exercise a defense or challenge the sanction—before the measures take effect—which doesn’t happen with EU Council sanctions."


The Two Levels of EU-Sanctions Illegality
While formally consistent with EU-treaties, the sanctions of the European Union are highly illegal under international law in two domains. A short ...




