The effects of riba, using Turkey's yearly population growth rate as an example.
[Source:
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But what explains the birth rate going up between 2010 and 2018? After pulling together all the data:
Turkey went through this phase from 2010 to 2016 with low government debt and moderate inflation, while the economy was growing strong. Then starting in 2017, things got way worse real fast because of growth funded by debt, loose money policies, and political meddling in the central bank, which all led to a major currency crisis in 2018.
And ever since then, it's been a steep downhill slide, and life in Turkey has gotten tough again, which directly hits the birth rate too.
[Source: 
Worldometer
Turkey Population (2025) - Worldometer
Population of Turkey: current, historical, and projected population, growth rate, immigration, median age, total fertility rate (TFR), population d...