I've approached it from a place of primitives or identifiable building blocks, and broke it up into native tech, oracles/covenants, meta-protocols most of which require indexing, layer2s and bridges. Note that most stacks will use a combo. IMO simplest will win.
I've added a few examples as well, with some bias, for some prominent uses of them.
Love to do a future write-up on pros and cons of each while diving a bit more into each example if we get enough zaps ;) 21K sats?
ALSO - Open to debates and corrections.
native tech:
- Multisig (Unchained)
- Timelock (RadFi)
- PSBTs (MagicEden)
- Taproot (LabitBu)
- Schnorr (ICP)
Oracle/covenants:
- HTLC (Liquidium)
- DLC (Atomic.Finance/Lava)
- MPC (Zengo/MPCWallet)
- FROST (AnchorWatch)
metaprotocols (indexed):
- Ordinals & Runes (data)
- Pathologies (data)
- Alkanes (contract)
- BRC2.0 (EVM) (contract)
- Arch (SVM) (contract + data)
- RGB & Taproot Assets (data)
- NAT/DMT (data)
L2s:
- Lightning (Spark)
- Federated (nostr/fedimint/liquid)
- Mergemined/Drivechains (RSK/Stacks)
Bridges:
- BitVM (Bitlayer/Citrea)
- Glock (Arkade)
- ZK-rollups (Merlin)